Disorders of the Neurological System Practice Test

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• Which of the following is a potential cause of hemorrhagic brain attack?
• Delirium is defined as which of the following?
• What triad characterizes normal pressure hydrocephalus and what imaging finding supports the diagnosis?
• Which of the following best describes general steps to manage suspected elevated intracranial pressure in the acute setting?
• What are the s/sx of a patient who is post-ictal?
• Dawson fingers on MRI are best described as periventricular, ovoid demyelinating lesions oriented perpendicular to the lateral ventricles. These findings are characteristic of which disease?
• Which semiology most strongly suggests an occipital lobe focus in focal seizures?
• What is diplopia?
• In AMD, central vision loss is described as irreversible.
• Which motor postures are classic abnormal responses to stimuli in brain stem abnormalities?
• Which statement best summarizes the relationship between stroke type and edema?
• In the NIH Stroke Scale, which range corresponds to a mild stroke?
• What is a 'brain attack' or a stroke?
• In pediatric patients, what is a distinguishing feature of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) compared with multiple sclerosis?
• Which symptom is most characteristic of closed-angle glaucoma?
• In temporal lobe epilepsy, which semiology most strongly suggests mesial temporal sclerosis?
• Which description best matches anterior spinal artery syndrome?
• What can cause cerebral edema?
• What are the symptoms of open angle glaucoma?
• Which signs and provocative tests are typical for carpal tunnel syndrome?
• Papilledema is associated with what?
• Which feature is more typical of migraine with aura than tension-type headache?
• With brain lesions, which of the following reflex changes might occur?
• Which statement best differentiates an epidural hematoma from an intracerebral hemorrhage on imaging and in typical clinical context?
• Open-angle glaucoma differs from angle-closure glaucoma in that open-angle glaucoma typically features which characteristic?
• What scenario could cause a diffuse brain/brain stem stroke?
• Which imaging modality is most useful for identifying an occlusion in suspected large-vessel stroke?
• Which statement describes the downstream pathology of Alzheimer's disease as per the amyloid cascade?
• What neuropathic pattern is typical of diabetic polyneuropathy and how is it assessed clinically and electrodiagnostically?
• How do you know what type of stroke it is or what treatment is best?
• Which diagnostic step is essential before initiating most stroke-specific therapies?
• Which feature best differentiates central (UMN) facial palsy from peripheral (LMN) facial palsy on examination?
• The sensorimotor assessment for stroke patients evaluates functions above and below which landmark?
• Which symptoms most strongly suggest increased intracranial pressure?
• In the acute evaluation of stroke, which imaging study is routinely used to distinguish ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke?
• In suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage with a negative CT, which imaging test can identify an aneurysm?
• Which description matches age-related macular degeneration?
• Which pathways primarily rule sensorimotor status below the shoulders?
• Lesions in pathways that decussate before reaching the spinal cord typically produce deficits on which side?
• Which statement correctly describes the age of onset for Huntington disease?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three main assessment points for a stroke patient?
• Which description best summarizes Brown-Séquard syndrome in terms of the pattern of sensory loss below the lesion?
• Which feature favors Alzheimer's disease over dementia with Lewy bodies?
• In most people, the right hemisphere primarily controls?
• Which pathology is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?
• In community-acquired bacterial meningitis, what is the usual empiric antibiotic regimen for adults 18-50 and for adults over 50 or with risk factors?
• Which structure governs sensorimotor status above the shoulders in a neurological examination?
• Which lacunar stroke syndrome is most typically associated with the lenticulostriate arteries affecting the internal capsule?
• What are the two main types of brain attacks?
• Which distribution is most characteristic of diabetic polyneuropathy on exam?
• How is coma defined clinically and what components are included in the Glasgow Coma Scale?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for brain attack?
• In suspected acute ischemic stroke, what is the initial imaging study used to exclude hemorrhage?
• In brain tumor imaging, a ring-enhancing lesion on MRI most commonly suggests which of the following?
• Which condition is associated with loss of central vision due to macular destruction?
• What does the FAST stroke assessment stand for?
• Which condition involves severe irreversible loss of central vision?
• Which are key components of secondary stroke prevention?
• How can nerve conduction studies differentiate demyelinating versus axonal neuropathies?
• What is intracranial pressure (ICP)?
• Which statement about deep tendon reflexes can occur with brain lesions?
• Which statement best describes closed-angle glaucoma?
• Which condition is classically characterized by a triad of gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment with ventriculomegaly on imaging?
• Absence seizures are characterized by which clinical features?
• Why is the cranium being a bony structure important in ICP management?
• In most people, which function is primarily controlled by the left hemisphere?
• In a hemispheric stroke, deficits are due to lesion-related pressure on which structures?
• In myasthenia gravis, which statement best describes the autoimmune target and diagnostic tests with high specificity?
• Miosis is best described as which pupillary change?
• Which statement best differentiates myasthenia gravis from Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome clinically and on electrodiagnostic testing?
• Damage to cranial nerve III will cause what to happen?
• Nystagmus can be a sign of which dysfunction?
• TIAs are warning that a more serious, fully evolved stroke can occur at a later date.
• What is locked-in syndrome, and which functions are preserved?
• What is papilledema?
• Which statement about Guillain-Barré syndrome treatment is correct?
• Which description best matches age-related macular degeneration?
• What are the typical signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?
• Which CSF finding is most indicative of subarachnoid hemorrhage when the initial CT is negative?
• What are normal, expected sensorimotor findings in a neurological assessment?
• Which statement best differentiates ADEM from multiple sclerosis in children?
• Cerebellar stroke is commonly associated with occlusion of which vascular territory?
• What are normal, expected reflex assessment findings in a neurological assessment?
• Diplopia can be caused by which of the following conditions?
• In closed-angle glaucoma, the onset of angle closure is best described as:
• What is cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?
• Which MRI finding is most characteristic of PRES?
• Which statement about mydriasis is correct?
• What is the typical clinical course of simple febrile seizures in children and how is it distinguished from complex febrile seizures?
• Which statement about the macula is true in AMD?
• What imaging features raise suspicion for a primary brain tumor, and what are common presentations?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of bacterial meningitis?
• Which CSF finding is typical of viral meningitis?
• Which of the following is an example of an abnormal LOC finding?
• Which statement correctly describes disease-modifying therapies for relapsing-remitting MS and management of acute relapses?
• If there is a focal lesion related to a cranial nerve, what type of assessment findings would you expect?
• What are the s/sx of bacterial meningitis?
• How do Huntington disease and Parkinson disease differ in inheritance, primary movement abnormality, and typical age of onset?
• What are the hallmark clinical features of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• Which therapeutic strategy is consistent with the amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease?
• What are typical s/sx of migraines?
• Which of the following is a potential contributor to a hemorrhagic brain attack?
• What best describes the characteristic course of myasthenia gravis?
• In AMD, central vision loss is described as what?
• In closed-angle glaucoma, the angle closes how?
• Which of the following is a direct sign that a hemorrhagic brain attack involves bleeding into brain tissue?
• Which statement best describes the pattern of multiple sclerosis?
• Ischemic brain attack is usually caused by which of the following?
• Hemorrhagic stroke pathophysiology involves which sequence?
• What is a key neuroimaging finding in hepatic encephalopathy and what is the typical pathophysiology?
• Which findings are typical of a corticospinal tract lesion on neurological examination?
• Which of the following are considered normal central reflexes?
• Migraine with aura is distinguished from tension-type headache by aura features; which is a typical aura component?
• Which bedside findings suggest central vertigo rather than peripheral vertigo?
• Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease and a medication used to treat it?
• Normal vital signs in stroke assessment indicate which of the following about brain function?
• What are the first interventions in a hospital setting for stroke?
• In suspected herpes simplex encephalitis, what is the most critical initial management step?
• What are typical signs of a diffuse injury stroke?
• Which test is essential to distinguish ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke?
• Level of consciousness refers to which of the following?
• Absence seizures show which EEG pattern?
• Which sequence best describes the amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease?
• What are some potential causes of migraines?
• A hemorrhagic brain attack is characterized by which mechanism?
• How do large-vessel occlusion strokes differ in management from lacunar strokes?
• During a relapse in multiple sclerosis, what is a typical MRI finding?
• Which CSF finding is characteristic of Guillain-Barré syndrome?
• What term is used for stroke in medical terminology?
• What is nystagmus?
• What is the most characteristic MRI finding of lacunar strokes?
• Where is a typical location for a cerebral hemispheric stroke?
• What is the role of acetazolamide in neurological disorders?
• What imaging finding is typical of normal pressure hydrocephalus when examining the ventricles relative to the sulci?
• Which best describes the signs of a cerebral hemispheric stroke?
• In spinal cord injury, which autonomic dysfunction is common acutely and what triggers autonomic dysreflexia later on?
• Which features constitute the hallmark presentation of suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage and the initial evaluation sequence?
• Which sign is most classic for impending transtentorial herniation?
• What is the main culprit that causes an increase in ICP?
• A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is best described as which of the following?
• What is the typical age range for onset of Huntington disease?
• Mydriasis is best described as pupil dilation due to which system?
• Oriented x 4 means which of the following?
• If there is a focal lesion related to the corticospinal or spinothalamic tracts, what type of assessment findings would you expect?
• Which sign is a classic indicator of meningeal irritation in meningitis?
• Which finding suggests brainstem involvement in diffuse cerebral edema?
• What MRI finding is characteristic of multiple sclerosis plaques?
• Why is an unequal pupil size important?
• Maintenance of cerebral blood flow depends on keeping what two forces in balance?
• Which sign is commonly used to assess meningeal irritation in suspected meningitis?
• Which statement best defines dementia?
• What are some potential causes of seizures?
• What are the characteristic features and imaging findings of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)?
• What red-flag features require urgent evaluation in a patient with new-onset severe headache?
• What are the two types of seizures?
• What is meningitis?
• What perceptual symptom may occur around lights in closed-angle glaucoma?
• What is the initial management sequence in status epilepticus?
• Which features distinguish cerebellar ataxic gait from a pyramidal (spastic) gait?
• Age-related macular degeneration causes central vision loss due to destruction of which ocular structure?
• Closed-angle glaucoma is considered what in clinical care?
• What are the most common etiologies of a brain attack?
• Which statement best describes the diagnostic test that supports amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
• How is status epilepticus defined?
• A left middle cerebral artery stroke in a typically right-handed person would most likely cause which combination?
• What are typical signs of a cerebellar stroke?
• Which sign is classically associated with an epidural hematoma after head injury?
• What are the functions of the spinothalamic tracts?
• Which tract carries pain and temperature sensations from the body to the brain?
• Which statement best differentiates delirium from dementia in an acute hospital setting?
• Which combination best defines typical diagnosis and main treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis?
• What are the functions of the corticospinal tracts?
• What are typical s/sx of Parkinson's disease?
• Which reflex may appear in adults with upper motor neuron lesions?
• There is no effective treatment for which condition?
• Which pattern of sensory and motor loss describes Brown-Séquard syndrome from a hemicord lesion?
• What is glaucoma?
• What are typical s/sx of multiple sclerosis?
• Which imaging modality is used to assess the penumbra in acute ischemic stroke?
• What EEG pattern is typical for generalized tonic-clonic seizures?